1、求日本京都著名景點的英文介紹
Arashiyama（嵐山）
Arashiyama (嵐山 ?) is a district on the western outskirts of Kyoto, Japan. It also refers to the mountain across the Ōi River, which forms a backdrop to the district.
Notable tourist sites in Arashiyama include
The Iwatayama Monkey Park on the slopes of Mount Arashiyama. Over 170 monkeys live at the park. While the monkeys are wild, they have become accustomed to humans. The park is located on a small mountain not far from the Saga-Arashiyama rail station. Visitors can approach and photograph the monkeys. At the summit is a fenced enclosure, from within which visitors can feed the monkeys.
The romantic "Moon Crossing Bridge" (渡月橋,Togetsukyō), notable for its views of cherry blossoms and autumn colors on the slopes of Mt Arashiyama.
The tombstone of the Heike courtesan Kogo of Sagano.
Tenryū-ji, the main temple of the Rinzai school, one of the two main sects of Zen Buddhism in Japan.
The hamlet of Kiyotaki, a small scenic village at the base of Mt Atago, the home to a notable Shinto shrine.
Matsuo Shrine, half a mile south of the area, which is home to a blessed spring. It is also one of the oldest shrines in the Kyoto area, founded in 700. The alleged restorative properties of the spring bring many local sake and miso companies to the shrine for prayers that their proct will be blessed.
Kameyama koen has a stone commemorating Zhou Enlai's visited to Arashiyama. He was moved by the cherry blossoms and mountain greenery. The four poems Zhou Enlai wrote about his visit are engraved on a stone monument: "Arashiyama in the Rain."
Nijō Castle（二條城）
Nijō Castle (二條城 ,Nijō-jō?) is a flatland castle located in Kyoto, Japan. The castle consists of two concentric rings of fortifications, the Ninomaru Palace, the ruins of the Honmaru Palace, various support buildings and several gardens. The surface area of the castle is 275,000 square meters, of which 8000 square meters is occupied by buildings.
History
Present plan of Nijō Castle (click for detailed view)In 1601, Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate, ordered all the feudal lords in Western Japan to contribute to the construction of Nijō Castle, which was completed ring the reign of Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1626. Parts of Fushimi Castle, such as the main tower and the Kara Gate, were moved here in 1625-26.[1] It was built as the Kyoto residence of the Tokugawa Shoguns. The Tokugawa Shogunate used Edo as the capital city, but Kyoto continued to be the home of the Imperial Court. Kyoto Imperial Palace is located north-east of Nijo Castle.
The central keep, or donjon, was struck by lightning and burned to the ground in 1791.
In 1788, the Inner Palace was destroyed by a city-wide fire. The site remained empty until it was replaced by a prince's residence transferred from the Kyoto Imperial Palace in 1893.
In 1867, the Ninomaru Palace was the stage for the declaration by Tokugawa Yoshinobu, returning the authority to the Imperial Court. Next year the Imperial Cabinet was installed in the castle. The palace became imperial property and was declared a detached palace. During this time, the Tokugawa hollyhock crest was removed wherever possible and replaced with the imperial chrysanthemum.
In 1939, the palace was donated to the city of Kyoto and opened to the public the following year.
Ryōan-ji(龍安寺）
Ryōan-ji (Shinjitai: 竜安寺, Kyūjitai: 龍安寺 ?, The Temple of the Peaceful Dragon) is a Zen temple located in northwest Kyoto, Japan. Belonging to the Myoshin-ji school of the Rinzai branch of Zen Buddhism, the temple is one of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The site of the temple was originally a Fujiwara family estate. It eventually came into the hands of the Hosokawa clan branch of the Fujiwaras. Hosokawa Katsumoto inherited the residence, and lived here before the Ōnin War. Katsumoto willed the war-ravaged property to be converted into a Zen sect temple complex after his death. Later Hosokawa emperors are grouped together in what are today known as the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji. The burial places of these emperors -- Uda, Kazan, Ichijō, Go-Suzaku, Go-Reizei, Go-Sanjō, and Horikawa -- would have been comparatively humble in the period after their deaths. These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (misasagi) which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.[1]
Ryōan-ji's tsuku (蹲踞 ?), which is a small basin provided at Japanese Buddhist temples for visitors to purify themselves by the ritual washing of hands and rinsing of the mouth.An object of interest near the rear of the monks quarters is the carved stone receptacle into which water for ritual purification continuously flows. This is the Ryōan-ji tsuku (蹲踞 ?), which translates literally as "crouch;" and the lower elevation of the basin requires the user to bend a little bit to reach the water, which suggests supplication and reverence.[2] The kanji written on the surface of the stone are without significance when read alone. If each is read in combination with 口 (kuchi), which the central bowl is meant to represent, then the characters become 吾, 唯, 足, 知. This is read as "ware tada taru (wo) shiru" and translates literally as "I only know plenty" (吾 = ware = I, 唯 = tada = only, 足 = taru = plenty, 知 = shiru = know). The meaning of the phrase carved into the top of the tsuku is simply that "what one has is all one needs" and is meant to reinforce the basic anti-materialistic teachings of Buddhism.
The absence of a dipper is intended to imply that the water is for the soul only and that it is necessary to bend the knee in humility in order to receive its blessing.
Kiyomizu-dera（清水寺）
Kiyomizu-dera (清水寺 ?), full name Otowa-san Kiyomizu-dera (音羽山清水寺 ?) is an independent Buddhist temple in eastern Kyoto. The temple is part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) UNESCO World Heritage site.[1] Not one nail is used in the whole temple. The temple should not be confused with Kiyomizu-dera in Yasugi, Shimane, which is part of the 33-temple route of the Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage through western Japan.[2]
其實這些都是維基百科找來的，本來想給鏈接的，百度說我有廣告，只貼了部分，其他的可用google 維基百科英文版找，包括景點介紹，歷史什麼的很全的。
2、英語介紹日本的京都
Introction to Kyoto
If you go to only one place in all of Japan, Kyoto should be it. Not only is it the most historically significant town in the nation, this former capital was also the only major Japanese city spared from the bombs of World War II. As such, it's rife with temples, shrines, imperial palaces, and traditional wooden homes. In nearby Nara, another former capital -- one even more ancient than Kyoto -- is Japan's largest bronze Buddha and more historic temples.
Even though its well-preserved architecture and relics are what put Kyoto on the sightseeing map, I've always felt that its scenes from daily life are what make the city exceptional. Kyoto is home to the nation's greatest concentration of craft artisans, making Kyoto famous for its shops dealing in textiles, dyed fabrics, pottery, bambooware, cutlery, fans, metalwork, umbrellas, and other goods. No wonder Kyoto is also home to 20% of Japan's national treasures.
3、日本著名景點英文名稱
1，富士山（ Mount Fuji）
富士山，是一座跨越在日本靜岡縣（富士宮市、裾野市、富士市、御殿場市、駿東郡小山町）與山梨縣（富士吉田市、南都留郡鳴沢村）之間的活火山。
2，東京塔（Tokyo Tower）
東京塔是東京地標性建築物，位於東京都港區芝公園，高332.6米。東京塔除主要用於發送電視、廣播等各種無線電波外、還在大地震發生時發送JR列車停止信號，兼有航標、風向風速測量、溫度測量等功能。
3，阿蘇山（ASU mountain）
阿蘇山是日本著名活火山。位於九州島熊本縣東北部，是熊本的象徵，以具有大型破火山口的復式火山聞名於世。略呈橢圓形，南北長24公里，東西寬18公里，周圍約120公里，面積250平方公里。
4，唐招提寺（Tōshōdai Temple）
唐招提寺，日本佛教律宗建築群。簡稱為招提寺 。在日本奈良市西京五條。由中國唐朝鑒真主持，於公元759年建成，與東大寺的戒壇院並為傳布和研究律學的兩大道場。
5，鹿苑寺（Deer temple）
鹿苑寺（ろくおんじ），是位於日本京都市北區的臨濟宗相國寺派的寺院。其中，內外都貼滿了金箔的三層樓閣建築（舍利殿）也被稱為金閣，包括舍利殿在內的寺院整體也被稱為金閣寺（きんかくじ）。該寺為相國寺的山外塔頭寺院。
4、急求日本京都的英文介紹
Kyoto is in the world the famous cultural ancient capital, localhistorical historical site multitudinous, building plain elegant, thegarden fresh is pretty. The whole city has lists as " Nationaltreasure " Building 38, decide as the important cultural relicbuilding 199. Because continues the unceasing fire, has burned downthe capital complete area, today faintly visible Kyoto area someremnantly extend the building to be allowed to trace farther 17thcentury. However, the suburb piedmont hillock and the periphery hillhave the representative each time earliest construction and thegarden, for example, constructs at the A.D. 952 years five pagodas.
Kyoto imperial is Japan's old imperial palace, also calls ImperialPalace. Moved the capital from Nara to in Meiji Restoration 1074, italways was all previous dynasties emperor of Japan's residence, latterhas become emperor of Japan's temporary palace. The Kyoto imperialpalace is located Kyoto to go to the capital the area. Around is burnt7 times, the present imperial palace reconstructs for the filial pietybright emperor of Japan, the area 110,000 square meters, all aroundare the fences, in has the famous family 9, the main hall 10, hall 19,in the palace courtyard the pine and cypress alternates with, MeiYinghu reflects.
Evenly calms the nerves the palace, moved the capital in 1100 in 1895for the Huan military emperor of Japan to construct, the palaceimitated the safe dynasty imperial palace main hall deliberation hallcourtyard construction. The building grand is grand, for Meiji timegarden construction representative. Its main hall covers for theglazed tile, looks out into the distance the house, resplendent ingold and jade green. In the god palace winding corridor garden, iscomposed by four cardinal points four parks, middle has the whitetiger pond, roosts the phoenix pond, the black dragon pond. In thepalace in the lake pavilion Chinese style pavilion, all is imitatesthe Chinese Xi'an temple the structure.
Two cities, initially constructed in 1603. It splendid and simpleImperial Palace exactly has the sharp contrast. The castle to themegalith makes the city wall, periphery has the thing length 500meters, the north and south length 300 meters moats, the river bankhas imitates Tang to construct. Initially for 德川 family Kang toKyoto's staying at place, latter because 德川 celebrates happypresents also the big decision in the here resolution to bewell-known. In 1886 became emperor of Japan's temporary palace, in1939 belonged to the Beijing major city. The main construction has thepill imperial palace, two pills imperial palaces and so on. In thepalace wall and 隔扇 on has the famous painting which 狩 the wildfaction artist draws.
Is called " A three steps of temple, seven steps of shrine "Kyoto has the Buddhist temple more than 1,500 places, the shrine morethan 2,000 places, here is the Japanese culture art cradle, Buddhism'scenter.
Jin Gesi, originally the villa which 恭 passes through for the XiYuan temple, latter gives the foot favorable righteousness to be full.Full advantage righteousness Man Sihou, changes the imperialsacrifices temple according to the last words, names the deer parktemple. Jin Gesi is three, the 23rd outer wall pastes with the goldfoil, looks by far, glittering. 3 building store heights Jin Gesi,each all is symbolizing the different time style: 1st is the safetime, 2nd is the Kamakura time, 3rd is the zen Buddhist temple hall'sstyle. The tower goes against the rear part to decorate a goldencopper 合鑄 phoenix, mays be called one certainly. The silverChinese style pavilion temple is located east Kyoto the piedmont, in1482 by the full advantage righteousness politics deposit Chinesestyle pavilion temple modelling construction, shared the honor withJin Gesi. The silver Chinese style pavilion temple originally also isa villa, constructs when once planned the outside wall decoration bythe silver leaf, when constructed completed has not covered the silverleaf, changed name kindly illuminates the temple, the popular namesilver Chinese style pavilion temple.
The German temple, constructed in 1319. 大燈 the country teachersfor the founder, latter are burnt after the chaos caused by war. Afterfamous as soon as rests the master (to be intelligent as soon asrests) passes through for several dozens years to drift the cloth toteach, by 80 year-old advanced age no matter what the German templemanagement, has reconstructed the German temple. Until now the Germantemple also preserves as soon as is resting the master to lose theink.
The clear water temple is situated in the Dongshan piedmont, founds in798 years, latter reconstructed by 德川 family General Kang in 1633.The clear water temple in the sound feather mountain halfway up themountainside, according to Shan Erjian, the main hall (this hall)constructs nearby the cliff. The front part is hanging " Stage" Under supports by 139 big logs, height 15 meters.
5、寫一篇關於去日本東京旅遊的英文作文，
多給點分啊~~~~~This summer vacation, I went to Beijing.
It was a very great city!
We went to the Great Wall first.Like its name,it was very great.We can see many mountians around.
Then we went to visit Tian'an Men Square.It was also fantastic.
We lived in a small house in a Hutung, it was a traditional Beijing building called 'four-section compound'.
I enjoyed myself a lot
「私の國の季節」
日本では1年は3か月ずつ四つの季節に分かれています。1年を通じて気候は溫暖で暑さ寒さもあまりきびしくありません。山脈【さんみゃく】が本州を縦【じゅう】に走っているので太平洋側（表日本）と日本海側（裏日本）では気候の差が大きいです。表日本では、夏はむし暑く、冬は濕気が少なくて晴天が多いです。裏日本では冬は雪がたくさん降ります。いわゆる雪國では雪が4～5メートルもつもることがあるそうです。
北海道を除く各地は6月上旬【じょうじゅん】から7月中旬【ちゅうじゅん】にかけて高溫.多濕のシーズンになります。8月から10月にかけては日本列島【れっとう】の南西部は台風の影響を受けることが少なくありません。京都のような盆地【ぼんち】では降雨量は少ないですが、気溫の上下【うえした】差が大きく、夏は暑く冬は寒いです。日本の大部分の地方で最もよい季節は春と秋です。桜の美しい4月や綠の美しい5月は海外の観光客も多く、また10月頃の紅葉も魅力的【みりょくてき】です。
6、求兩篇介紹京都和大阪的英語短文。急用
Osaka is a 1400 before people gathered here to exchange the bustling city. Known as "water city" of Osaka, since ancient times on the river by virtue of the advantages of convergence, with China and the Korean Peninsula and the mainland to carry out frequent exchanges at the port of Osaka "Namba Zimbabwe" is the foreign exchange and the key areas .
By the middle of the seventh century, the capital of Osaka "Namba Palace", as Japan's oldest city and well-vicissitudes of life and prosperity. When the capital was moved to Nara, Kyoto and other places, Osaka is still as foreign and trade exchanges constitute an important place on Japan's economic development and cultural exchanges have played a very important role.
By modern times, as the flow of material at the center of the region, and to become known as a "world kitchen" commercial city. Osaka businessman unique
Longing for freedom and progressive efforts to temperament, is a major feature of Osaka. Net glass, and so on behalf of the Japanese Kabuki tradition of the essence of art and culture has been preserved continues to this day, at the same time, to be known as the "poor food," food culture has been growing.
Osaka divided into 26 administrative districts, were grid-like layout of the city, East and West, North and South for four downtown area. Government agencies and more concentrated in Eastern and Central Island; financial institutions, banks collect more than this bridge, bridge Korea, Midosuji and other places; companies, trading companies, the firm focused on the middle island, the Island Hall and other places; Umeda, Barton soil Tower of Babel as well as the center of the downtown area of the three major New World, many well-known theater, cinemas, hotels and department stores.
Osaka high-rises, commercial prosperity, the high rate of urban greening. Osaka Street underground at upper, middle and lower three levels have their own characteristics. In between the layers and layers, spiral staircase connected. There is a man-made stream running through the Mass Street, gurgling water, clear visibility. On the ground floor on either side of the street, shops, restaurants, cinemas and a bar next to one. Osaka underground Street is a bustling business district and a unique taste tour of the resort.
大阪是一座1400年以前人們在此聚集進行交流的繁華城市。被稱為「水之都」的大阪，自古以來就憑借河海交匯之優勢，與國內及中國大陸和朝鮮半島進行頻繁地交往，位於大阪的港口「難波津」是與海外進行交流的重點地區。
七世紀中葉，在大阪建都「難波宮」，它作為日本最古老的城市而久經繁榮滄桑。當首都被遷到奈良、京都等地之後，大阪仍作為與國外進行貿易交往的重要之地，對日本的經濟發展和文化交流起到了非常重要的作用。
到了近代，它作為物質流通的中心地區，而發展成為一座被稱之為「天下廚房」的商業城市。大阪商人所特有的
嚮往自由和努力進取的氣質，是大阪的一大特徵。凈琉璃、歌舞伎等代表日本的傳統藝術文化精粹，一直被保存延續至今，同時，被稱之為「吃窮」的飲食文化也得到不斷發展。
大阪劃分為26個行政區，城市布局呈方格狀，東、西、南北四區為市中心。政府機關多集中在東區和中之島；金融機構、銀行多集於今橋、高麗橋、御堂筋等地；公司、商社、事務所集中於中之島、堂島等地；梅田、巴頓土層以及以通天閣為中心的新世界三大鬧市區，雲集著名的劇場、影院、酒店和百貨店。
大阪高樓林立、商業繁榮、城市綠化率高。大阪的地下街分上、中、下三層，層層各有自己的特色。在層與層之間，有螺旋形的樓梯相通。還有一條人造小溪貫穿地下街之間，潺潺流水，清澈可見。地下街的兩旁，商店林立，餐館、酒吧間和電影院一個挨著一個。大阪的地下街既是一個繁華的商業區，又是一個情趣別致的游覽勝地。
7、日本京都的詳細英文介紹!
Kyoto (京都市, Kyōto-shi?) listen (help·info) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.
Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD. During the 8th century, when the powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence. Emperor Kammu selected the village of Uda, at the time in the Kadono district of Yamashito Province, for this honor.[1]
The new city, Heian-kyō (平安京 "tranquility and peace capital"), became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. Later, the city was renamed Kyoto ("capital city"). Kyoto remained Japan's capital until the transfer of the government to Edo in 1868 at the time of the Imperial Restoration. (Some believe that it is still a legal capital: see Capital of Japan.) After Edo was renamed Tokyo (meaning "Eastern Capital"), Kyoto was known for a short time as Saikyo (西京 Saikyō, meaning "Western Capital").
An obsolete spelling for the city's name is Kioto; it was formerly known to the West as Meaco or Miako (Japanese: 都; miyako "capital"). Another term commonly used to refer to the city in the pre-modern period was Keishi (京師), meaning "metropolis" or "capital".
The city suffered extensive destruction in the Ōnin War of 1467-1477, and did not really recover until the mid-16th century. Battles between samurai factions spilled into the streets, and came to involve the court nobility (kuge) and religious factions as well. Nobles' mansions were transformed into fortresses, deep trenches g throughout the city for defense and as firebreaks, and numerous buildings burned. The city has not seen such widespread destruction since. Although there was some consideration by the United States of targeting Kyoto with an atomic bomb at the end of World War II, in the end it was decided to remove the city from the list of targets e to the "beauty of the city" (See Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), and the city was spared conventional bombing as well.
As a result, Kyoto is the only large Japanese city that still has an abundance of prewar buildings, such as the traditional townhouses known as machiya. However, modernization is continually breaking down the traditional Kyoto in favor of newer architecture, such as the Kyoto Station complex.
Kyoto became a city designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956. In 1997, Kyoto hosted the conference that resulted in the protocol on greenhouse gas emissions that bears the city's name.
A common English pronunciation of Kyoto has three syllables as /key-oh-toe/ [kʰi'otəʊ]; however, the Japanese pronunciation has only two: [kʲoːto].
另外還有一段,你可以參考:
Kyoto became the imperial capital in the late eighth century when Emperor Kammu relocated the court from Nara . His first choice was Nagaoka, southwest of today's Kyoto, but a few inauspicious events led the emperor to move again in 794 AD. This time he settled on what was to be known as Heian-kyo , "capital of peace and tranquillity", which he modelled on the Chinese Tang-dynasty capital Chang'an (today's Xi'an). The new city was built on a rectangular grid of streets, symmetrical about a north-south axis, with the Imperial Palace to the north and the main entrance in the south. By the late ninth century the city was already overflowing onto the eastern hills and soon had an estimated population of 500,000. For the aristocrats at least, it was a life of exquisite refinement, characterized by boating parties and poetry-writing competitions, while Japanese arts were evolving their own identity independent of earlier Chinese influences.
From then on the city had a rather roller-coaster ride. In the late twelfth century a fire practically destroyed the whole place, but two centuries later the Ashikaga shoguns were busily building some of the city's finest monuments, among them the Golden and Silver Pavilions (Kinkaku-ji and Ginkaku-ji). Many of the great Zen temples were established at this time and the arts reached new levels of sophistication. Once again, however, almost everything was lost ring the Onin Wars (1467-78), which were waged largely within the city over an Ashikaga succession dispute.
Kyoto's knight in shining armour, however, was Toyotomi Hideyoshi , who came to power in 1582 and sponsored a vast rebuilding programme. The Momoyama period , as it's now known, was a golden era of artistic and architectural ostentation epitomized by Kyoto's famous Kano school of artists , who decorated the temples and palaces with their sumptuous, gilded screens. Even when Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the seat of government to Edo (now Tokyo) in 1603, Kyoto remained the imperial capital and stood its ground as the nation's foremost cultural centre. While the new military regime went in for extravagant displays of power, such as the Nijo-jo palace built for Ieyasu but rarely used, the emperor and his cohorts cocked a snook at such lack of taste by developing a talent for superb understatement in their architecture, gardens, arts and even everyday utensils; the rustic simplicity of the tea ceremony also evolved ring this period. Undoubtedly, this sudden delight in simplicity was born partly from necessity, but it nevertheless spawned many of the crafts for which Kyoto is now famous.
In 1788 another huge conflagration swept through the city, but worse was to come; in 1868 the new Emperor Meijimoved the court to Tokyo. Kyoto went into shock and the economy foundered - but not for long. In the 1890s a canal was built from Biwa-ko to the city, and Kyoto, like the rest of Japan, embarked on a process of modernization . This has continued to this day - amidst growing controversy in recent years - as Kyoto attempts to catch up with Tokyo and Osaka. Though many traditional wooden houses have been lost to developers, the city narrowly escaped a worse fate. At the end of World War II Kyoto featured high on the list of potential targets for the Atom Bomb, but was famously spared by American Defence Secretary, Henry Stimson, who recognized the city's supreme architectural and historical importance.
有關京都景點的英文介紹:
http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=309
8、京都旅遊景點英文怎麼說三重縣
三重縣
[地名] [日本]Mie-ken
三重縣位於日本本州島中部，
地形復雜，南北狹長，土地面積列全日本第25位
9、日本京都英文介紹
Kyoto (京都 ,Kyōto) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū(本州), Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. It is formerly the imperial capital of Japan.
Kyoto is located in the Yamashiro (or Kyoto) Basin, in the eastern part of the Tamba highlands. The Yamashiro Basin is surrounded on three sides by mountains which results in hot summers and cold winters.
With its 2000 Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, as well as palaces, gardens and architecture intact, Kyoto is one of the best preserved cities in Japan. It is also renowned for its Japanese foods and cuisine, especially a variety of vegetables. Additionally, Japan's television and film instry has its center in Kyoto.
Kyoto International Manga Museum is also situated in Kyoto. It has collected about 200,000 items of menga.
Tourism is the main base of Kyoto's economy. And the city is also the academic centers of the country. Kyoto University is considered to be one of the top universities in Japan.
10、英文日本京都的介紹
Capital of Japan from 794 through 1868, Kyoto today is a small city with tremendous cultural assets. The population is 1.4 million and has its share of concrete, but don't blame the American military for its despoilation. Out of consideration for its artistic treasures, the city was spared both the incendiary bombs and atomic bombs that devastated the rest of Japan. Surrounded on three sides by mountains and cut through by rivers, a typical view of Kyoto will include both the manmade and the natural